The Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours of bombing  more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships* had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed. The attack at Pearl Harbor so outraged Americans that the U.S. abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day—officially bringing the United States into World War II. Why Attack? The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japans aggression. Negotiations to solve their differences had not been going well. Rather than giving in to U.S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the United States in an attempt to destroy the United States naval power even before an official announcement of war was given. The Japanese Prepare for Attack The Japanese practiced and prepared carefully for their attack on Pearl Harbor. They knew their plan was extremely risky. The probability of success depended heavily on complete surprise. On November 26, 1941, the Japanese attack force, led by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, left Etorofu Island in the Kurils (located northeast of Japan) and began its 3,000-mile journey across the Pacific Ocean. Sneaking six aircraft carriers, nine destroyers, two battleships, two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and three submarines across the Pacific Ocean was not an easy task. Worried that they might be spotted by another ship, the Japanese attack force continually zig-zagged and avoided major shipping lines. After a week and a half at sea, the attack force made it safely to its destination, about 230 miles north of the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The Attack On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began. At 6:00 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers began launching their planes amid the rough sea. In total, 183 Japanese aircraft took to the air as part of the first wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor. At 7:15 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers, plagued by even rougher seas, launched 167 additional planes to participate in the second wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The first wave of Japanese planes reached the U.S. Naval Station at Pearl Harbor (located on the south side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu) at 7:55 a.m. on December 7, 1941. Just before the first bombs dropped on Pearl Harbor, Commander Mitsuo Fuchida, leader of the air attack, called out, Tora! Tora! Tora! (Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!), a coded message which told the entire Japanese navy that they had caught the Americans totally by surprise. Surprised at Pearl Harbor Sunday mornings were a time of leisure for many U.S. military personnel at Pearl Harbor. Many were either still asleep, in mess halls eating breakfast, or getting ready for church on the morning of December 7, 1941. They were completely unaware that an attack was imminent. Then the explosions started. The loud booms, pillars of smoke, and low-flying enemy aircraft shocked many into the realization that this was not a training exercise; Pearl Harbor was really under attack. Despite the surprise, many acted quickly. Within five minutes of the beginning of the attack, several gunners had reached their anti-aircraft guns and were trying to shoot down the Japanese planes. At 8:00 a.m., Admiral Husband Kimmel, in charge of Pearl Harbor, sent out a hurried dispatch to all in the U.S. naval fleet, AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL. The Attack on Battleship Row The Japanese had been hoping to catch U.S. aircraft carriers at Pearl Harbor, but the aircraft carriers were out to sea that day. The next major important naval target was the battleships. On the morning of December 7, 1941, there were eight U.S. battleships at Pearl Harbor, seven of which were lined up at what was called Battleship Row, and one (the Pennsylvania) was in dry dock for repairs. (The Colorado, the only other battleship of the U.S.s Pacific fleet, was not at Pearl Harbor that day.) Since the Japanese attack was a total surprise, many of the first torpedoes and bombs dropped on the unsuspecting ships hit their targets. The damage done was severe. Although the crews on board each battleship worked feverishly to keep their ship afloat, some were destined to sink. The Seven U.S. Battleships on Battleship Row: Nevada - Just over a half hour after the Nevada was hit by one torpedo, the Nevada got underway and left its berth in Battleship Row to head toward the harbor entrance. The moving ship made an attractive target to the Japanese bombers, who caused enough damage to the Nevada that it was forced to beach itself.Arizona - The Arizona was struck a number of times by bombs. One of these bombs, thought to have hit the forward magazine, caused a massive explosion, which quickly sank the ship. Approximately 1,100 of her crew were killed. A memorial has since been placed over the Arizonas wreckage.Tennessee - The Tennessee was hit by two bombs and was damaged by oil fires after the nearby Arizona exploded. However, it stayed afloat.West Virginia - The West Virginia was hit by up to nine torpedoes and quickly sank.Maryland - The Maryland was hit by two bombs but was not heavily damaged.Oklahoma - The Oklahoma was hit by up to nine torpedoes and then listed so severely that she turned nearly ups ide down. A large number of her crew remained trapped on board; rescue efforts were only able to save 32 of her crew.California - The California was struck by two torpedoes and hit by a bomb. The flooding grew out of control and the California sank three days later. Midget Subs In addition to the air assault on Battleship Row, the Japanese had launched five midget submarines. These midget subs, which were approximately 78 1/2 feet long and 6 feet wide and held only a two-man crew, were to sneak into Pearl Harbor and aid in the attack against the battleships. However, all five of these midget subs were sunk during the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Attack on the Airfields Attacking the U.S. aircraft on Oahu was an essential component of the Japanese attack plan. If the Japanese were successful in destroying a large portion of the U.S. airplanes, then they could proceed unhindered in the skies above Pearl Harbor. Plus, a counter-attack against the Japanese attack force would be much more unlikely. Thus, some of the first wave of Japanese planes were ordered to target the airfields that surrounded Pearl Harbor. As the Japanese planes reached the airfields, they found many of the American fighter planes lined up along the airstrips, wingtip to wingtip, making easy targets. The Japanese strafed and bombed the planes, hangers, and other buildings located near the airfields, including dormitories and mess halls. By the time the U.S. military personnel at the airfields realized what was happening, there was little they could do. The Japanese were extremely successful at destroying most of the U.S. aircraft. A few individuals picked up guns and shot at the invading planes. A handful of U.S. fighter pilots were able to get their planes off the ground, only to find themselves vastly outnumbered in the air. Still, they were able to shoot down a few Japanese planes. The Attack on Pearl Harbor Is Over By 9:45 a.m., just under two hours after the attack had begun, the Japanese planes left Pearl Harbor and headed back to their  aircraft carriers. The attack on Pearl Harbor was over. All Japanese planes had returned to their aircraft carriers by 12:14 p.m. and just an hour later, the Japanese attack force began their long journey homeward. The Damage Done In just under two hours, the Japanese had sunk four U.S. battleships (Arizona, California, Oklahoma,  and  West Virginia). The  Nevada  was beached and the other three battleships at Pearl Harbor received considerable damage. Also damaged were three light cruisers, four destroyers, one minelayer, one target ship, and four auxiliaries. Of the U.S. aircraft, the Japanese managed to destroy 188 and damage an additional 159. The death toll among Americans was quite high. A total of 2,335 servicemen were killed and 1,143 were wounded. Sixty-eight civilians were also killed and 35 were wounded. Nearly half of the servicemen that were killed were on board the  Arizona  when it exploded. All this damage was done by the Japanese, who suffered very few losses themselves -- just 29 aircraft and five midget subs. The United States Enters World War II The news of the attack on Pearl Harbor quickly spread throughout the United States. The public was shocked and outraged. They wanted to strike back. It was time to join World War II. At 12:30 p.m. on the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor,  President Franklin D. Roosevelt  gave an  address to Congress  in which he declared that December 7, 1941, was a date that will live in infamy. At the end of the speech, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. With only one dissenting vote (by  Representative Jeannette Rankin  from Montana), Congress declared war, officially bringing the United States into World War II. * The 21 ships that were either sunk or damaged include: all eight battleships (Arizona, California, Nevada, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland,  and  Tennessee), three light cruisers (Helena, Honolulu,  and  Raleigh), three destroyers (Cassin, Downes,  and  Shaw), one target ship (Utah), and four auxiliaries (Curtiss, Sotoyoma, Vestal,  and  Floating Drydock Number 2). The destroyer  Helm, which was damaged but remained operational, is also included in this count.

Poem Analysis On I, Too, Sing America - 1611 Words

Dai Yueh Cheng Dr. Smedley English 1B 9 March 2015 Poem analysis on â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† In the poem â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† by Langston Hughes, he envisions a greater America, a more inclusive America where all the races can proudly represent themselves as American citizens. Hughes was a leader of Harlem Renaissance, and had tremendous pride of his race as an African American. However, during that time period, African Americans were being considered as second-class race, and they were being segregated in every aspect throughout the country. Hughes could not tolerate seeing his fellow brothers and sisters being treated unequally because of their skin color, he knew that he had to do something to bring a change, and he was determined to make that change become the reality. Hughes published the poem in the year of 1945, about ten years before the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. It was the time where racism and prejudice were still prevalent, and segregation laws were being implemented in many places throughout the country. People needed encouragement to stand up in order to fight for their rights, and this poem perfectly empowers people’s courage and spirit. In â€Å"I, Too, Sing America,† Langston Hughes uses sound, diction, and symbolism hoping to awaken people’s dilapidated spirits and that one day people would embrace each other in which African Americans are truly classified as equal Americans. 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Sight And Blindess Of Oedipus The King Essay - 1470 Words

Oedipus the King by Sophocles was a play written after a devastating plague struck the city of Athens in 430 B.C. The play is about how knowledge can lead to devastation and destruction based on how the characters find out the truth of the Delphic Oracle. Years before Oedipus became the king of Thebes, the previous king, Laius, had received a prophecy that his son would grow up to kill his father. With this information he gave his baby son to a sheperd to dispose of him. Years later Laius is murdered and the Sphinx emerges and locks down the city by refusing to let anybody enter or leave the city unless they can solve her riddle. The city is essentially under siege. But nobody knows the answer to her riddle. What goes on four legs in†¦show more content†¦But Oedipus does not even know who he really is. A plague strikes the city and he sends Creon to go to the Delphic Oracle. The god Apollo tells Creon clearly to: Drive the corruption from the land, dont harbor it any longer, pass all cure, dont nurse it in your soil Ââ€" root it out! So the only way to lift the plague is to banish the man who killed the former king or pay back blood with blood, because murder brought forth the plague to the city. Oedipus is outraged; he wants to find who killed Laius. He stands outside and announces to Thebes that if anybody knows the murderer, speak up and be rewarded. Oedipus would not hurt the man but he would be banished. Oedipus announced: Where I hold the throne and power: banish this manÂâ€" whoever he may be Ââ€" never shelter him, never speak a word to him, never make him a partner to your prayers, your victims burned to the gods. Oedipus is so confident, he even curses himself. With all of his heart and knowledge he puts the curse of himself knowing that he knew the culprit was out there. Oedipus calls for Tiresias, a blind prophet; to seek out who murdered the former king. Tiresias may be blind, but he was able to see what normal people do not. But when Tiresias blames Oedipus for killing Lauis, Oedipus is outraged; he thinks Tiresias is trying to conspire against him. But it was only the truth Oedipus did not want to see. Oedipus is certain that he knows the truth, and that would

Post Implementation Practices of ERP Systemsâ€MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Post Implementation Practices of ERP Systems. Answer: Introduction Strategic information planning is the most vital activity helping business to determine strategic application as well as to align the business strategy with effective information system to accomplish high profits and better performance (Clarke, 2012). The present report is based on the evaluation and analysis of the strategic information system in terms of profitably and performance. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of information system within the organization Ristorante Da Angelo restaurant organization is selected. Ristorante Da Angelo is offering Italian food to Hobart. Ristorante Da Angelo main objective is to improve organization performance and achieve better client satisfaction. Presently the organization is offering its services and goods to customers using its exiting shops and phone orders. It is the small family owned business with only one physical shop in Hobart. The organization offers its services such as pizza, spicy, intimate dining, Italian foods etc to customers and charges in cash payment. Therefore from the evaluation it has been said that the business implementing flat organization structure with no level of middle management between executives and staffs members. Therefore, in this structure the management of the organization is directly involved in the decision making procedures. In order to manage its functionality and budget system the organization using traditional accounting system that create data duplication problems and data redundancy problems. Presently the organization objective is to expand business market through online business and offering services and goods through website. Therefore in this time if the management of the organization using traditional accounting system then it creates high risks and also hampered the company performance effectively. Operational problems The organization is presently suffered from the services and quality problems. The organization also suffered clients satisfaction and performance problems. Moreover using the traditional budget system the organization not only suffered problems from the time consuming but also suffered from the profitability. As stated by the King, (2015) within the organization there are three dimensions such as information quality, better decision making process and system quality impact the client response to the information system. Operational problems associated with the organization are listed below; Reduce performance in terms of profitability Reduce the service quality and client satisfaction No clear direction and reponsiblteis to the entire staffs Not appropriate Communication with the workers Lack of customers services Most effective system acquisition methods As stated by the Galliers et al., (2014), each organization is technology era dependent on accurate and timely information to service in the industry or competitive market. Information management system works as the life line of the business, no decision is to be taken without data or information and therefore the Ristorante Da Angelo needs to implement the ERP system in its workplace for achieving better completive edge over competitive society. Use of the ERP i.e. enterprise resource planning software helps the organization to integrate all functions areas of the organization such as billing, sales, management, quality, production and services in one business wide system. According to the Arvidsson, Holmstrm, Lyytinen, (2014), ERP system servers as the data or information backbone of the organization process of business. The main befits associated with the ERP system is to reduce the operational costs with help of offering information benefits to the management of the organization in decision making procedures. As per the analysis and evaluation, it has been obtained that the organization want to expend its business and offering its services through online and making high profits with better customers satisfaction. Thus it has been said that use of the ERP system aids to enhance resources and time for decision making procedures system. As per the findings of the company present issues it has been seen that company faced data reduction and data duplication techniques, so that this can be easily solved using of the implementation of the ERP system (Romney Steinbart, 2012). This information system improves and offers better control system and introduce standardized manner to run organization functions. Ease of use and effective organization practices Effectively enterprise wide information and data sharing Enhance customers satisfaction and reduce data redundancy problems Decrease operating costs Therefore from the evaluation and analysis of above facts and figures it is recommended that Ristorante Da Angelo needs to implement ERP system in its workplace because the feature that is associated with enterprise resource planning is effectively solved the company present issues in better and effective manner. Flow chart of the company sales procedures The flow chart of the organization is shown in above figures. From the represented figure it has been seen that to firstly customers orders some foods in restaurant. The restaurant department inform about the foods and orders to the manager of the organization. After that the manager check food is available or not. If the food is available then the manager approved for foods and the customers take its foods and payment them. If for some reason food is not available then the manager request for the other items and customer is interested about the foods them they approved them. After accepting the approval at the end of the customers manager approve for food and the customers pick the order. If a customer is not interested about another food then they cancel the order. As per the above analysis and evaluation it has been seen that the organization kept information regarding selling of goods and products through traditional methods. This procedure is cerates the data duplication and redundancy problems. Moreover from the above figure it has been seen that organization to implement any information system in its workplace that create problems regarding generating the invoice of goods selling. Therefore in future for some reason management wants to see the transaction of selling goods then it required more time. Moreover uses of the traditional system also decrease the economic gains and material consumption in vital manner. If the natural calamities is occurred then all data and information easily destroys the company not is able to recover them properly. The flow charts shows that company has no centralized control system and this is the main reason the organization using manager to determine the availability of items and foods. If the company uses c entralized system then the organization need not required to manager and this would helps the company to achieve better performance and reduce the resources effectively (Ahmad Cuenca, 2013). Controlling the problems in most vital manner organization needs to implement an effective ERP system at workplace that lead the company in better manner and generating result in fast manner. This system also helps to reduce the waiting time of the customers and through them the company achieves better clients satisfaction. Use of the ERP system also helps the organization to generate result in fast manner and improve the security. Adoption and development of the accounting system software package Adoption and development of the new accounting system i.e. ERP system aids the restaurant industries to achieve better outcomes and profits. Development and adoption of the accounting software involves planning, designing, implementing and controlling the process. The planning process is based on the company business process i.e. how the company performing its functions and operations (Galy, Sauceda, 2014). In selected organization the functions associated with the business process are sales functions, accounting functions, purchasing functions as well as production functions. ERP system is mainly helps the company to see a sales performance functions such as setting prices, taking order, checking goods availability, arranging for delivering and billing the customers in vital and effective manner. In designing process, developer develops and designs the software as per the needs and wants. The implmentiaon of the ERP system within the organization involves several steps that are sho wn in given figure. Implementation of the ERP system is done in three ways i.e. Big Bang approach, location wise approach and module wise approach. In the first steps the organization uses the all modules and risks associated with this is high. In the process of the location wise procedures ERP system is implemented at the organization at a time (Kumar and Bakshi, 2009). The main profits is this process is that implementation of the project is less or shorter. In the process of module approach, developer develops the system module by module. This is the most common and widely used by developer to develop the system. Adaption procedure mainly focused on the effectiveness of the system as well as profits associated with the system. From the findings it has been seen that adoption of the ERP system effectively solved the organization problems. Therefore from the analysis it has been seen that organization need to implement module by approach process to develop the system. Market size of the food and restaurant organization in Australia in incensing day by day and helps the nation to increase its revenues in most vital and effective manner. As shown in the figure it is seen that approximately above than 18000 numbers of the fast foods outlet available in Australia and the daily transaction in this field is 1800000 respectably. The figures indicates that in the year of 2000 there is approximately 12000 food outlets available in same business but in the year of 2017 it is increases approximately 25% and this indicates that the demands of the restaurant in Australia is increased. Therefore the above figures show that the demand of the restaurant industry is increased effectively and helps the organization to achieve high profits in better manner. The below figures indicates that the turnover of the restaurant industries is in increasing orders. That indicates that the company is accomplishing higher profits in better manner Determine the leaders of the market McDonalds is the market leader in Australia market with 29.5% market share. As per the mcdonalds (2017), catering services, restaurant services as well as caf services are performing well in market with 4.6% increase from FY2012 to FY2013. In terms of the sate sales growth it has been seen that New South Wales accomplished growth approximately 15% from previous years. As per the company financial report it has been seen that the organization achieve about $4 billion in 2015. Moreover from the findings it has been seen that company profit margin also increased approximately 25% from the previous years. Therefore from the analysis and evaluation it has been said that use of better accounting software within the workplace helps the organization to achieve high profits and client satisfaction (mcdonalds, 2017). From the analysis and evaluation it has been seen that organization implements scale of point system, decision making system, management information system and hyperactive bob sys tem to manage the transaction in successful manner. Implementation of the hyperactive Bob system helps to monitor the traffic entering a restaurants picketing lots. Point of scales helps the organization to make sure that effective and accurate order because the system uses high processing speeds and computed massive amount of data in short time of period. Therefore, above analysis indicates that better and effective information system helps the organization to gain high profits in better manner. Determine present gap and challenges Gap analysis helps the organization to determine the issues associated with the accounting system. In addition to this it helps the organization to explain the different between the actual and required system. Developer mainly implements the functional gap analysis techniques and procedures that helps the organization to determine whether the system perform its operation as per the needs and wants or not. The Gap analysis begins with the determination of the gap in the accounting set. From the analysis of the organization system it has been seen that the organization main objective is to improve the performance in most vital manner but it has been seen that the system required most of the time to access and retrieve the data from the database (Romney, Steinbart, 2012). This creates major issues in front of the company because it not only hampered the organization performance but also decrease client satisfaction in vital manner. Moreover from the analysis it has been seen that the S earch engine optimization tools and techniques which organization implements is not performing well. Therefore from the analysis and findings it has been recommended that organization needs to implement better database management system and also implement better search engine optimization tools and algorithm. This would effectively help the organization to solve the problem in vital manner. Conclusion From the analysis and findings it has been concluded that performance of the organization not only dependent upon the management skills but also dependent on the information management system. Incorporation of the better information management system not only helps the company to expand its market but also achieve its set of objective in most successful and vital manner. References Clarke, S. (2012).Information Systems Strategic Management. 1st ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. daangelo. (2017).daangelo. [online] Available at: https://daangelo.com/ristorante/ [Accessed 26 Apr. 2017]. Galliers, R., Leidner, D., Leidner, D. and Galliers, R. (2014).Strategic information management. 1st ed. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. Kumar, S. and Bakshi, S. (2009).Classical ERP implementation. 1st ed. Delhi: A.K. Publications. mcdonalds. (2017).mcdonalds. [online] Available at: https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/2016%20Annual%20Report.pdf [Accessed 26 Apr. 2017]. Sheldon, D. (2014).Class A ERP Implementation. 1st ed. Boca Raton: J. Ross Publishing, Incorporated. King, W. R. (2015).Planning for information systems. Routledge. Arvidsson, V., Holmstrm, J., Lyytinen, K. (2014). Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,23(1), 45-61. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012).Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Ahmad, M. M., Cuenca, R. P. (2013). Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(3), 104-111. Galy, E., Sauceda, M. J. (2014). Post-implementation practices of ERP systems and their relationship to financial performance.Information Management,51(3), 310-319.

Essay Grade Justification free essay sample

During the class period I have also participated in almost, if not all of the class discussions, while making sure I voice my opinions and thoughts. While I was making sure to voice my opinion it caused debates among other classmates, which in return caused a lot of brainstorming to go on as well. In all, I believe that my work showed the accomplishments of academic writing, how academic writing works overall, the ability to read and comprehend critical works, and the accomplishment of being able to debate important topics. When I first entered the class, I never really have written a whole lot of papers. In my first essay I have clearly showed that I am not a strong writer, I was not aware of Subject-Verb-Object and I have clearly never learned about a clause. But as time when on I have slowly, and still am slowly but surely, learning how to use those two huge important pieces while incorporating them into my papers the correct way, all of which have been very challenging for me, but I have been trying my best to put forth throughout all my papers. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Grade Justification or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While writing my papers I had effective and accurate awareness of a general audience, my tone and point of view was, to me, satisfactory. My punctuation, spelling and capitalization, had several errors, which were mostly common. There were also several inconsistent errors in the formatting of the paper as well. Although my writing is not the best I am constantly putting forth effort in my tests and quizzes. I have gotten good grades on about 95% of all of them, which goes to show that I am able to comprehend things better than I can write them. On my first test I received an A and I was able to receive all A’s except for two which I received a D and a B+. I have studied the content before had and was able to put forth my knowledge that I have learned in the class towards my test and quizzes. I believe that being able to comprehend things is more important to me because I am not able to correctly convey my messages, thoughts, and ideas onto a paper without it seeming jumbled and inconsistent. During the class discussions I felt that I truly put forth effort in objecting or clarifying many points and topics in an important discussion. I remember sitting in class and discussing the points in 1984 talking about what a dystopia is and how it relates to the story. I was able to cause people to voice their own ideas and opinions causing a class discussion. While we were talking about â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† I stated â€Å"I wonder if the story is meant to be so mind bending† and it caused other people to start in on the conversation which in return caused my to want to argue more important points of the story. Another Reason why I believe that I should receive at least a B+ is because it is at 1 am in the one morning that I am able to focus finally on this essential part of my grade. This is not because of any procrastination on my part but is instead because of certain circumstantial factors that forced me to spend the night before the essay is due with a large cup of coffee and an apparently endless graded homework and essay papers that I have received. I have been forced to take three days off work in order to focus on the monstrous task ahead. My purpose is not to invoke sympathy, but to instead provide some context in which to place my life. Normally I would never openly complain, however because the purpose of this piece of writing is to justify why I believe that I deserve a particular grade, that is what I am orced to do. If I do not receive a grade higher than a B in all the other parts of this course, this section alone I believe should get me a B+. There is no doubt that there are students that might have been spent more time than I did reading and writing in preparation for this class, however I can say without a doubt that I gave everything that I ha d. At the start of the semester I was unprepared for the level of work that I would be facing at this new school. I am used to being able to balance my full-time job, family obligations and my school assignments with relative ease however, all that has changed. I have spent many sleepless nights revising essays and reading selections for this class. It is fair to say that I have given everything that I have in order to prove to myself and everyone else that I do in fact belong here and that I can survive the pit falls of this institution. I have spent many sleepless nights slumped over my laptop checking for comma splices and subject-verb disagreement and I have the bags under my eyes to prove it. I hope that I do not need to explain further my rationale, but that it was visible all semester in my haggard face and the fact that most of my assignments were all relatively timely.

Is Latin American Unity a good idea Why/Why not

Great achievements in life rarely happen to lone persons or nations but to people working in unity. People have to put their minds together, and nations have to strive for objectives together, even if they are to achieve the simplest things.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Latin American Unity a good idea? Why/Why not? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While unity is strength considering the multiple advantages that come along with it, it also comes at a heavy price – the problem of differences. Disagreements, and sometimes inequalities, are inevitable whenever nations and people decide to unite. In a unity pact, some states reap great benefits, while others reap only a smaller share of the fruits of unity. Nevertheless, after Latin American nations bury their resentments, grievances, and vindictiveness they stand a chance of attaining their objectives. This paper attempts to prove why Latin American uni ty is a brilliant idea. At least for some time now, there have been serious talks and growing awareness of the idea to unite the Latin American nations. For instance, in 2008 during the inauguration of the summit termed â€Å"Unity for Latin America and the Caribbean†, about thirty-three countries came together to consider working together as a people seriously, irrespective of their differences (Chomsky 2008). Felipe Calderon (the Mexican President) clearly reminded the regional States that they could not afford to stay disunited in the contemporary world. Differences would only hold the Latin American block enemies of peace.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Felipe thus concluded by saying that they could only move forward by uniting based on things that they share together, without necessarily disregarding those that make them different, for their similarities far overshadow the ir dissimilarities (Latin American and Caribbean Unity Summit Declaration 2010, pp.1-4). The other well articulated speech was from the Brazilian President, Luiz Inacio. He claimed that the Latin American countries, from the largest to the smallest nation, were quickly waking up to the idea that as a united bloc they stand better chances to contribute in global politics. He also asserted that the more these countries contribute in the global wealth, the more chances they stand from keeping off the crises that are created by richer nations from hitting on those who did not create them (Latin American and Caribbean Unity Summit Declaration 2010, pp.1-4). Both of these speeches give an insight just into how much the Latin American people are thirsting for regional unity. Just to borrow from Abraham Lincoln, former U.S President, a house that is divided is a collapsed house (Goodwin 2005, p.86). History teaches that a divided people will always come crushing to hostile forces. The Briti sh, for instance, applied the â€Å"divide and rule† method to take advantage of the bickering and wrangling countries and then harshly hit on them (Kumar 1990). The policy has constantly recurred in the Indian history. Dictatorial powers have continuously exploited and abused the feudal states by taking advantage of their disunity and internal discords. The truth is that, if countries and people are united, nothing can unsettle them (Thursby 1975, p.86). Unity is power and strength. The overall interest is more salient than the individual aspirations. If the Latin American people manage to bury their dissimilarities and unite on their strengths, they will claim their rightful share in global politics and wealth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Latin American Unity a good idea? Why/Why not? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The idea of Latin American Unity has a long history, which runs back probably to the independence of Brazil and Spanish America (Roxborough 1984, p.22). At this time, the idea to create a regional state was strongly favoured in order to protect the region’s newly gained sovereignty. There was also the discussion to form a â€Å"Confederation of Latin American States† to stamp their autonomy. These projects did not succeed at the time until the nineteenth century when the discussion resurfaced. This time, it was not about protecting Latin American autonomy, but in building international trade with other like-minded countries. The involved states collaborated with several other countries, but their happiness was short-lived. Like the previous projects, the idea did not yield much, and the entire discussion collapsed altogether. After World War II, international institutions like the United Nations were created and thus the idea of Latin American Unity resurfaced once more. The post war experience taught the Latin American countries that no unilatera l government could protect its territorial integrity in the event of continental aggression. The then U.S President, George Marshall, managed to mobilise more than twenty countries to fight communism and bring down Soviet Republic, and this aspect also motivated the Latin American block to push for unity (Herz 2011, p.78).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By mid twentieth century, the idea of unity was slowly crystallising and Latin American organisations partially started forming up. Most of these institutions revolved around their colonial mother countries to which they shared some of their cultures. The region held its first major summit in 1991, called â€Å"Ibero-American Summit†, and three presidents attended. â€Å"Iberoamerican Community of Nations† was the product of the Summit, and even today the Mexican, Brazilian, and Spanish heads of States yearly attend its sittings. While the region first moved to unite on the grounds of regional political autonomy, the outstanding organisations were created based on trade and not political affairs. For instance, in 1951, the involved nations incepted the Organisation of Central American States (ODECA) to promote regional integration and enhance trade in Central America. In 1960, â€Å"six signatories signed the Latin American Free Trade Associated (ALALC) with an aim of offering tariff discounts to its member states† (Chomsky 2008, Para. 16). The Treaty of Montevideo (ALALC) was later renamed the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI). Its main goal was to create a common market for regional nations. In 1969, five member states formed the Andean Pact to promote economic cooperation program (O’Keefe 2009, p. 214). It was later renamed the Andean Community of Nations (CAN). The region held its first major summit in 1991, called â€Å"Ibero-American Summit† to promote free movement of goods. In 1995, G3 Free Trade Agreement (GFTA) came to being to enhance free trade. Besides trade, the region also discovered other areas where they could enhance their regional unity. They realised, for instance, that through regional parliaments they could drive most of their objectives. One such parliament was formed in 1987 and was named the Latin American Parliament (LAP), which is built in Panama City. The region also created another Pa rliament in 2004, ‘Mercosur Parliament’, which was expected to be in use by 2010 (O’Keefe 2009, p.73). In 2007, the region created the Union of South American Nations (USAN). In fact, the media had referred to this union as the United States of South America (USSA). All these were attempts to realising the Latin American vision of uniting the region (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences 1956, p.19). One of the recent attempts to unite the region dubbed the ‘Latin American and Caribbean Unity Summit Declaration’ (CELAC) was constituted in Mexico in 2010 by the twenty-first summit of the Rio Group. It took place on the 22nd and 23rd of February. Its objective was to reaffirm the region’s conviction of forming a formidable organisation that unites all the Latin American and Caribbean countries. To undertake this effort, the players of the summit focused much in uniting the regi on under political, economic, social, and cultural fronts. Without independent and sustainable democracy in the region, quality of life, and equal opportunities, the member-States realised that they might not materialise their aspirations for the region. Therefore, they sought to harmonise their strengths and weaknesses by exchanging experiences and forging ways and mechanisms that would unite them more than dividing them. The idea to unite the Latin American community is certainly an excellent idea, and the involved states are already proving to the rest of the world that they have the capacity to change their destiny to the world that any other democratic state would aspire to become. Just by looking at the positive changes in the region, Latin Americans are quietly telling the rest of the world that they are a force to reckon. CELAC, for instance, aims at transforming the region’s economic, political, and cultural space to a formidable force in the world (Nikandrov 2011). Other organisations like the South American Nations Union (UNASUR) have become unnerving tools in protecting the region from external interferences and are strongly telling the world that they have the power to ensure that the regional peace is of outmost importance to them. In fact, by concentrating on their strengths, many organisations are proving that they have more things that unite them than what divides them. With Colombia and FARC resuming peace talks, the two parties are sending a message that the Latin American unity is more pertinent to them than in fighting (Nikandrov 2011). The region is also fast becoming a key actor in promoting justice not just in Latin America, but also in the rest of the world. In recent months, for instance, the body has actively supported Ecuador’s effort to grant political asylum to those that lack fair trials in their mother countries (Schuster 2003, p.209). Julian Assange of the polemical â€Å"Wikileaks† is just one of these pol itical asylums. In other words, Latin America is moving from a regional voice to a more global political mouthpiece. In fact, in the near future it might just become the hub of world democracy (Heinze Fitzmaurice 1998, p.156). The Latin American unity has also seen the political scenarios in the region favourably work to their advantage (Leathley 2007, p.118). The world is already seeing the region’s political governments changing from the historical dictatorial tendencies to people’s governments. Cuban people, for instance, have massively benefited from the region’s unity. A people that were once aggressively treated can now enjoy peace in the Latin American world. The regional unity has brought along some of the fundamental uniform policies and administration that has thoroughly done away with the dictatorial structures. Furthermore, history indicates that unity is stability. The more united countries are the more settled they become (Phillips 2002, p.99). Wi th Latin American States uniting, it is unlikely that one country will pick up arms against another. Conflicts would always be resolved at early stages amongst member countries. In fact, it creates a forum in which countries can identify their differences and forge ways of moving forward. Besides, Latin American unity will create more opportunities for member states to participate in global decision-making. Nevertheless, unity among states has both merits and demerits. Despite the numerous benefits that the Latin American states are likely to accrue after uniting, the unity might also give way to economic disintegration if not well managed. For decades, nations within the Euro zone enjoyed a stable relationship. The countries had strong economies and enjoyed stable economic relations. Nevertheless, poor leadership in some of the states has led to all the member states suffering from the current euro crisis (Pew Research centre 2012, para.6-9). The same case might apply to the Latin American states. Even though the different countries are likely to strengthen their economic ties thus boosting their economies, failure by some of the member states might adversely affect the economies of all the member states. Even though the Latin American states are likely to benefit from their unity, the states are yet to achieve unity. There are varied factors that still hinder unity in this region. One of the factors is the distinct ideological models embraced by the various countries. The Latin American states have different ethnic compositions, huge disparities in social and economic development, varied political institutions, and different international policies (Schaffner Horn 2003, p.46). Despite the call for unity in the region, the different countries continue chasing divergent goals with contradicting policies and approaches. Lack of common goals within the region is hindering the unity among the Latin American states. In Latin America, transnational integration is t aking place at the corporate and professional levels rather than at the governmental levels (Schaffner Horn 2003, p.43). Rather than uniting, the Latin American countries continue forming clusters. Countries like Mexico and the Caribbean are strengthening their ties with the United States, while Brazil enhances its ties with Africa, Middle East, and Asia. The divergent ideologies held by leaders in the various Latin America states are hindering unity among the states. Reference List Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences 1956, Regional Round Table on Forages in Central America, Costa Rica, Bib. Orton IICA/CATIE. Chomsky, N. 2008, Latin American Unity. Web. Goodwin, D. 2005, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, Simon and Schuster, New York. Heinze, E. Fitzmaurice, M. 1998, Landmark Cases in Public International Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, London. Herz, M. 2011, The Organisation of American States (Oas), Taylor Francis, New York. Kumar, R. 1990, Problem of Communalism in India, Mittal Publications, New Delhi. Latin American and Caribbean Unity Summit Declaration 2010. Web. Leathley, C. 2007, International Dispute Resolution in Latin America: An Institutional Overview, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands. Nikandrov, N. 2011, US Gangsterism actually Reinforces Latin American Unity. Web. O’Keefe, T. 2009, Latin American and Caribbean Trade Agreements: Keys to a Prosperous Community of the Americas, Netherlands, BRILL. Pew Research centre 2012, Greeks and Germans at polar opposites: European unity on the rocks. Web. Phillips, J. 2002, Exploring Psalms: An Expository Commentary, Vol 2, Kregel Academy, New York. Roxborough, I. 1984, ‘Unity and Diversity in Latin American History’ Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 1-26. Schaffner, H. Horn, C. 2003, Work in America: A-M, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, California. Schuster, L. 2003, The Use and Abuse of Political Asylum in Britain and Germany, Routledge, London. Thursby, G. 1975, Hindu-Muslim Relations in British India: A Study of Controversy, Conflict, and Communal Movement in Northern India, 1923-1928, Netherlands, BRILL. This essay on Is Latin American Unity a good idea? Why/Why not? was written and submitted by user Maria Lane to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Improve Your SAT Sample Essay Score

How to Improve Your SAT Sample Essay ScoreThis essay sample is quite simple and it does not require you to think too much but what it requires is some creativity. This is how you can improve your SAT sample essay scores.If you are writing a college entrance essay for the SAT, then there are certain guidelines that you need to follow. One thing that you need to remember is that each section of the exam is very similar to the others, except for the essay. What this means is that the SAT essay is not an easy thing to write.The first step to improving your SAT sample essay is to get familiar with the essay. Understand the format, which is first a title followed by a short paragraph on the subject. You can use examples or just start with what you know and build from there.After you know what to write about, start writing a solid outline. List the main points in the essay. Try to make sure that your points are written in the order of importance and flow smoothly through the essay.Some peop le actually like to read the essay before they start writing it because they find it easier to follow. In order to get that benefit, just read the essay right away.The last step to writing a good essay is to make sure that you do not overthink the writing. Start by just rambling on a topic, and then get a good grasp on what you need to write about.A great way to practice what you have written is to go over it again. This will help you see where you can improve on, and also make you understand where you could have saved some time if you did it right the first time.If you keep these tips in mind, then you should be able to take your SAT writing test much more seriously. Just focus on your strengths and your weaknesses, and you should be able to improve your SAT sample essay score without too much trouble.